Aeroplane



0. W. BOYEA.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 10, 1921.

, Patented Nov. M, 1922.

2 SHEETS--SHEET L 0. W. BOYEA.

AEROPLANE.

APPUCATION FILED MAR. l0, 1921.

L485,2% Patented NOV Mg 1922.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

3g) 61 (9. all? c55/aye@ 1 1g' 15 LfT/toz/VLQ,

Patented Nov. lei,

OVLA YN. BOYEA, BARRE, VERNT.

AEROPLATE.

.application filed. March 10, 1921.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that l, OvILA lll/T. Borna, acitizen of the United States, and a resident of Barre, in the county otlVashington and State of Vermont, have invented a new and Improvederoplane, ot' which the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription.

Among the principal objects which the present invention has in view areto increase the levitation of an aeroplane; to vary the levitation incorrespondence with the speed of the plane; to increase the support of aplane and parts connected therewith when falling.

Drawings.

Description.

As seen in the drawings the carrying plane 11 is fixedly mounted inpermanent relation to the fuselage 12 and is supported from the curvedtop 13 a distance much greater than usually employed. The curvature ofthe top 13 which corresponds to the camber of the usual construction isplatted substantially as shown in Fig. 2 ot the drawings to presentarelativelyblunt nose or forward edge and atrailing or rearwardlyextended apron portion 14. In platting the curve ot thetop 13--14 thereis an endeavor to establish a correspondence with the stream line of theair or atmosphere' which is displaced by the forwardportion of the top13.

In the preferred formas shown in F1gures 1, 2 and 3, the carry `plane 11is supported from the top 113 and the apron 14 thereof, and the lowerrear edge 15 of the carry plane is also-dis osed sli htly below and atadistance from t e rear e ge 16 of the -`apron 14. The disposition ofthe edges 15 55 and 16 arealso esteemed in correspondence til)A SerialNo. L151,17*?.

with the stream of air displaced by the carry plane 11, which spills'from the edge 15 to impinge upon the undersurtace ot the aprons 1eadjacent the edge 16 thereof. 'lhe stream-line of the air spilled fromthe plane 11 to where it impinges on the apron 1l varies incorrespondence with the speed of the plane, that is `to say., thegreater the speed of the plane, the smaller' the affected area of theapron 1st. lt is the intention that at all times and at all speeds someportion c the apron 14 adjacent the trailing edge oi 16 shall beimpinged by the air spilled Yfrom the plane 11 to steady the plane inits operation. Vlhis also compensates for the variation in the speeds ofthe plane by diminishing the lifting surface at high rates ot speed andincreasing the lifting surface at low rates of speed.

The motive power including a propeller 1T and suitable prime mover -fordriving the same together with the controls of the plane in iiiglit arethose usually employed in airplanes and or' suitable construction. Thecontrols referred to include the dirigible 3@ rudder 18, the levitationrudders 19, and ailerons 20. As shown in the drawings the ailerons aremounted upon and located at the extremities of the carry plane 11.

llVhen a plane, constructed in accordance 35 with the preferred form asshown in F igures 1 to 3 inclusive. is in service, the air through whichthe plane is moving and which is passing from the rear-edge 15 of theplane 11 operates to withdraw from the 9@ pocket 21, or the spacebetween the top 13 and the plane 11, a certain proportion of the airnormally contained therein. The air which remains within the pocket 21is comparatively rarelied and the combined weight of the structure andcontained air is reduced. This appreciably increases the levitation ot'the airplane in service.

It is obvious that as the speed of the plane is increased the suction isincreased and the lo@ remaining' air is further rareed. The pocket 21and the apron 14 is utilized as -a safety factor in case of accident aswhen the niaehinestarts to fall by reason of failure of power of enginetrouble, the aviator may take advantage of the open structure to utilizethe pocket 21 and the overhang of the apron 14 as a parachute to retardthe speed of ai fall. his principle may be largely used in landing bypermitting in the last stages of the landing the machine to settle underthe supporting influence of the pocket 21 and apron 141.

In Figures 4 and 5 are shown modifications of the preferredconstruction. The modification shown in Fig. 4 provides for substitutingfor the apron portion 14 of the preferred form a movable apron. As seenin the drawings the portion 22 is supported by struts 23 which form theframe that is pivoted on a shaft 24 that extends crosswise of themachine. The disposition of the apron 22 is regulated by means of alever 25 that is pivoted at 26 and guided by a quadrant 27. The handhold 28 is available to the operator of the machine while the rear endof the lever 25 is connected by means of a link 29 with the rearwardportion of the apron 22. As the lever 25 1s rocked the apron 22 islifted to swing around the shaft 24 to depress or elevate the rearwardedge of the said apron, thereby increasing the levitation power of theInachine.

ln the modified forn; of the invention shown in Fig. 5 of the drawing,an auxiliary carrying plane 30 is provided which is hinged at 31co-incident with the rear edge of the apron 14. T he mechanism forchanging the angle of the plane 30 is the same as that described withreference to the mechanism for handling the apron 22, of theconstruction shown in F ig. d of the drawings. lt will be noted,however, that when employing the construction shown in Fig. 5 of thedrawings the supporting surface of the plane 30 is considerablyaugmented and operates in conjunction with the plane 11. .also as shownby dotted lines in Fig. 5 of the drawings when the plane 30 is liftedthe pocket 21 may be employed as above described with reference to thepreferred construction shown in Figures 1 to 3 inclusive. When usingthis form of the invention it will be understood that the aviator may byiaaaaoa lifting the forward edge of the plane 30 avail himself of thedragging effect of the apron 14, or when falling, may avail himself ofthe supporting effect of the pocket 21.

Olaz'ms.

1. An aeroplane having a carrying plane inclined forwardly to the lineof yflight, and a curved top inclined rearwardly from the line offlight, the rear edges of said carry plane and top being spaced apart toform a rearwardly opening pocket; and an apron extending from said topto a distance in the rear of said carry plane for cooperating with saidcarry plane to support the load of said aeroplane.

2. An aeroplane having a carrying plane inclined forwardly to the lineof flight, and a curved top inclined rearwardly from the line of flight,the rear edges of said carry plane and top being spaced apart to form arearwardly opening pocket; an apronextending from said top to a distancein the rear of said carryy plane for cooperating with said carry planeto support the load of said aeroplane; and means for varying thedisposition of said apron for varying the exposed area thereof.

3. An aeroplane having a carrying plane inclined forwardly to the lineof flight, and a curved top inclined rearwardly from the line of flight,the rear edges of said carry plane and top being spaced apart to form arearwardly opening pocket; an apron extending from said top to adistance in the rear of said carry plane for cooperatingv with saidcarry plane to support the load ot said aeroplane; and means for varyingthe disposition of said apron for varying the eirposed area thereof,said means embodying hand-controlled mechanisms adapted for manipulationby the operator of the aeroplane.

@VlLA W. BYEA.

